Condensed Matter Seminar: Organization and dynamics of in vitro cell cultures as active nematic system

Abstract:

Cells exhibit rich repertoire of dynamical behaviors, which depend on cell types and microenvironment. The collective dynamics of cells has gathered increasing attention inspiring experimental and theoretical studies in an attempt to unravel the underlying physical principles. Using in vitro experiments, we show that very different cell types self-organize in a bi-dimensional nematic phase with characteristic ±1/2 nematic defects. I will present examples of spatial patterns emergence associated with dynamic modes in cellular nematic systems. Specifically, I will focus on (1) spontaneous symmetry breaking and emergence of shear flows of spindle-shaped cell types when confined in adhesive stripes; (2) existence of active nematic turbulent states in epithelial cells; and (3) conditions for appearance of turbulence in confined tissues. 

Event Organizer: Prof. Eran Sela